Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 000, Number 000, March 2025, pages 000-000

Difference Analysis of N-Terminal B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, High-Sensitivity Troponin I, and Endothelin-1 Levels in Patients With Normotensive and Hypertensive Acute Heart Failure

Figure 1. Flowchart of study. AHF: acute heart failure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.

**Table 1.** Data Characteristics
Variable	Hypertensive AHF (n = 40)	Normotensive AHF (n = 64)	P
ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; AHF: acute heart failure; BMI: body mass index; CCT: creatinine clearance test; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RBG: random blood glucose.
Age (years)	62 (55.25 - 68.0)	63 (54.5 - 70.0)	0.779
Sex			0.055
Male (%)	25 (62.5%)	51 (79.7%)
Sinus rhythm (%)	33 (82.5%)	57 (89.1%)	0.340
BMI (kg/m²)	24.0 (22.0 - 26.0)	24 (22.0 - 27.75)	0.507
Comorbidities
Hypertension	27 (67.5%)	32 (50%)	0.080
Diabetes	11 (27.5%)	18 (28.1%)	0.945
Acute coronary syndrome	16 (40.0%)	28 (43.8%)	0.706
Therapy
Diuretic	13 (32.5%)	28 (43.8%)	0.253
Beta blocker	14 (35.0%)	20 (31.3%)	0.692
ACE/ARB	17 (42.5%)	20 (31.3%)	0.244
MRA	10 (25.0%)	21 (32.8%)	0.397
Sodium (mmol/L)	140 (136 - 142)	137 (133 - 139)	0.001
Potassium (mmol/L)	3.95 (3.6 - 4.5)	4.2 (3.73 - 4.4)	0.590
Chloride (mmol/L)	108 (103 - 110)	102.5 (98 - 108)	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.13 ± 2.15	12.69 ± 1.84	0.272
Urea (mg/dL)	30.0 (21.0 - 45.0)	45.0 (30.5 - 72.5)	0.005
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 (0.9 - 1.5)	1.3 (1.0 - 1.78)	0.134
CCT (mL/m²)	55.98 (39.04 - 78.09)	52.90 (39.75 - 75.70)	0.669
RBG (mg/dL)	134.0 (98 - 197.5)	137.0 (112.25 - 181.25)	0.246
pH	7.41 ± 0.08	7.42 ± 0.09	0.705
pCO₂	28.5 (24.5 - 34.0)	29.0 (26.0 - 34.0)	0.960
HCO₃	19.29 ± 5.11	19.96 ± 4.91	0.794

Table 1. Data Characteristics

Variable

Hypertensive AHF (n = 40)

Normotensive AHF (n = 64)

ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; AHF: acute heart failure; BMI: body mass index; CCT: creatinine clearance test; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RBG: random blood glucose.

Age (years)

62 (55.25 - 68.0)

63 (54.5 - 70.0)

0.779

Sex

0.055

Male (%)

25 (62.5%)

51 (79.7%)

Sinus rhythm (%)

33 (82.5%)

57 (89.1%)

0.340

BMI (kg/m²)

24.0 (22.0 - 26.0)

24 (22.0 - 27.75)

0.507

Comorbidities

Hypertension

27 (67.5%)

32 (50%)

0.080

Diabetes

11 (27.5%)

18 (28.1%)

0.945

Acute coronary syndrome

16 (40.0%)

28 (43.8%)

0.706

Therapy

Diuretic

13 (32.5%)

28 (43.8%)

0.253

Beta blocker

14 (35.0%)

20 (31.3%)

0.692

ACE/ARB

17 (42.5%)

20 (31.3%)

0.244

MRA

10 (25.0%)

21 (32.8%)

0.397

Sodium (mmol/L)

140 (136 - 142)

137 (133 - 139)

0.001

Potassium (mmol/L)

3.95 (3.6 - 4.5)

4.2 (3.73 - 4.4)

0.590

Chloride (mmol/L)

108 (103 - 110)

102.5 (98 - 108)

< 0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

13.13 ± 2.15

12.69 ± 1.84

0.272

Urea (mg/dL)

30.0 (21.0 - 45.0)

45.0 (30.5 - 72.5)

0.005

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.1 (0.9 - 1.5)

1.3 (1.0 - 1.78)

0.134

CCT (mL/m²)

55.98 (39.04 - 78.09)

52.90 (39.75 - 75.70)

0.669

RBG (mg/dL)

134.0 (98 - 197.5)

137.0 (112.25 - 181.25)

0.246

7.41 ± 0.08

7.42 ± 0.09

0.705

pCO₂

28.5 (24.5 - 34.0)

29.0 (26.0 - 34.0)

0.960

HCO₃

19.29 ± 5.11

19.96 ± 4.91

0.794

**Table 2.** Hemodynamic Feature
Variable	Hypertensive AHF	Normotensive AHF	P
AHF: acute heart failure; eRAP: estimated right atrial pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; bpm: beats per minute.
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	145.68 ± 20.08	110.05 ± 14.77	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	93.13 ± 11.17	69.69 ± 11.25	< 0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	92 (90 - 100)	92 (82 - 111)	0.134
Echocardiography assessment
LVEF (%)	35.25 ± 13.16	35.72 ± 12.63	0.857
Cardiac output (L/min)	2.9 (2.23 - 3.78)	3.0 (1.95 - 3.68)	0.669
SVR (dynes/s/cm^-5)	2,200 ± 784	2,276 ± 1,048	0.693
TAPSE (cm)	1.8 (1.5 - 2.0)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)	0.717
eRAP
eRAP 3	3 (7.5%)	8 (12.5%)	0.517
eRAP 8	28 (70.0%)	38 (59.4%)
eRAP 15	9 (22.5%)	18 (28.1%)

Table 2. Hemodynamic Feature

Variable

Hypertensive AHF

Normotensive AHF

AHF: acute heart failure; eRAP: estimated right atrial pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; bpm: beats per minute.

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

145.68 ± 20.08

110.05 ± 14.77

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

93.13 ± 11.17

69.69 ± 11.25

< 0.001

Heart rate (bpm)

92 (90 - 100)

92 (82 - 111)

0.134

Echocardiography assessment

LVEF (%)

35.25 ± 13.16

35.72 ± 12.63

0.857

Cardiac output (L/min)

2.9 (2.23 - 3.78)

3.0 (1.95 - 3.68)

0.669

SVR (dynes/s/cm^-5)

2,200 ± 784

2,276 ± 1,048

0.693

TAPSE (cm)

1.8 (1.5 - 2.0)

1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)

0.717

eRAP

eRAP 3

3 (7.5%)

8 (12.5%)

0.517

eRAP 8

28 (70.0%)

38 (59.4%)

eRAP 15

9 (22.5%)

18 (28.1%)

**Table 3.** Overview of High-Sensitivity Troponin I and Endothelin-1 Levels
Variable	Hypertensive AHF	Normotensive AHF	P
High-sensitivity troponin I (ng/L)	72.8 (16.2 - 916.58)	281 (28 - 5,872)	0.039
Endothelin-1 (pg/mL)	12.02 (7.78 - 23.20)	12.12 (5.34 - 24.58)	0.510
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	4,712 (1,876 - 10,214)	5,410 (3,242 - 12,848)	0.122

Table 3. Overview of High-Sensitivity Troponin I and Endothelin-1 Levels

Variable

Hypertensive AHF

Normotensive AHF

High-sensitivity troponin I (ng/L)

72.8 (16.2 - 916.58)

281 (28 - 5,872)

0.039

Endothelin-1 (pg/mL)

12.02 (7.78 - 23.20)

12.12 (5.34 - 24.58)

0.510

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

4,712 (1,876 - 10,214)

5,410 (3,242 - 12,848)

0.122