Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 000, Number 000, April 2025, pages 000-000

Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: An Observational Study

Figure 1. Proportion of patients achieving the primary LDL-C target (LDL-C < 55 mg/dL and ≥ 50% reduction from baseline) across lipid-lowering therapy groups at 6 months. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

**Table 1.** Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population (N = 122)
Demographics	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD
SD: standard deviation.
Age	122	30	91	63.48	10.9
	N	%
Total	122	100.0
Age
≤ 50 years	10	8.2
51 - 60 years	43	35.2
61 - 70 years	43	35.2
> 70 years	26	21.3
Gender
Male	90	73.8
Female	32	26.2
Comorbid
Diabetes	15	12.3
Hypertension	23	18.9
Both	73	59.8
None	11	9.0

Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population (N = 122)

Demographics

Min

Max

Mean

SD: standard deviation.

Age

122

63.48

10.9

Total

122

100.0

Age

≤ 50 years

8.2

51 - 60 years

35.2

61 - 70 years

35.2

> 70 years

21.3

Gender

Male

73.8

Female

26.2

Comorbid

Diabetes

12.3

Hypertension

18.9

Both

59.8

None

9.0

**Table 2.** Frequency and Distribution of Lipid-Lowering Therapies Prescribed at Discharge
Variables	N	%
Rosuvastatin	54	68.4
Atorvastatin	68	72.3
Ezetimibe	57	63.3
Evolocumab	0	0.0
Alirocumab	1	2.0
Inclisiran	0	0.0
Rosuvastatin + atorvastatin	0	0.0
Atorvastatin + ezetimibe	43	41.3
Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe	14	12.7

Table 2. Frequency and Distribution of Lipid-Lowering Therapies Prescribed at Discharge

Variables

Rosuvastatin

68.4

Atorvastatin

72.3

Ezetimibe

63.3

Evolocumab

0.0

Alirocumab

2.0

Inclisiran

0.0

Rosuvastatin + atorvastatin

0.0

Atorvastatin + ezetimibe

41.3

Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe

12.7

**Table 3.** LDL-C Levels at Baseline and Follow-Up Time Points, and Primary Outcome Achievement at 6 Months
Variables	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD
LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SD: standard deviation.
Baseline LDL	122	57.00	228.00	117.21	41.3
6-week LDL	29	38.00	205.00	90.82	47.1
6-month LDL	82	24.00	210.00	84.48	39.6
1-year LDL	74	19.00	246.00	83.73	43.7
	N	%
Total	82	100.0
Primary outcome (if baseline 50% reduction and less than 55 final LDL (6 months))
Yes	13	15.9
No	69	84.1

Table 3. LDL-C Levels at Baseline and Follow-Up Time Points, and Primary Outcome Achievement at 6 Months

Variables

Min

Max

Mean

LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SD: standard deviation.

Baseline LDL

122

57.00

228.00

117.21

41.3

6-week LDL

38.00

205.00

90.82

47.1

6-month LDL

24.00

210.00

84.48

39.6

1-year LDL

19.00

246.00

83.73

43.7

Total

100.0

Primary outcome (if baseline 50% reduction and less than 55 final LDL (6 months))

Yes

15.9

84.1

**Table 4.** Achievement of Primary LDL-C Target at 6 Months by Treatment Group (LDL-C < 55 mg/dL and ≥ 50% Reduction)
Variables	Total	Primary outcome	P-value
LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Rosuvastatin	39	7 (17.9%)	32 (82.1%)	0.684
Atorvastatin	43	6 (14.0%)	37 (86.0%)	0.541
Ezetimibe	38	7 (18.4%)	31 (81.6%)	0.860
Atorvastatin + ezetimibe	28	4 (14.3%)	24 (85.7%)	0.605
Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe	10	3 (30.0%)	7 (70.0%)	0.204

Table 4. Achievement of Primary LDL-C Target at 6 Months by Treatment Group (LDL-C < 55 mg/dL and ≥ 50% Reduction)

Variables

Total

Primary outcome

P-value

Yes

LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Rosuvastatin

7 (17.9%)

32 (82.1%)

0.684

Atorvastatin

6 (14.0%)

37 (86.0%)

0.541

Ezetimibe

7 (18.4%)

31 (81.6%)

0.860

Atorvastatin + ezetimibe

4 (14.3%)

24 (85.7%)

0.605

Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe

3 (30.0%)

7 (70.0%)

0.204

**Table 5.** Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Age Group and Treatment Regimen
Age	Total	Primary outcome	P-value
^aSignificant using Chi-square test at < 0.05 level. ^bNo statistics are computed because variable is a constant. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Rosuvastatin
≤ 50 years	2	1 (50.0%)	1 (50.0%)	0.386
51 - 60 years	14	2 (14.3%)	12 (85.7%)	0.372
61 - 70 years	17	2 (11.8%)	15 (88.2%)	0.335
> 70 years	6	2 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)	0.505
Atorvastatin
≤ 50 years	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.427
51 - 60 years	18	1 (5.6%)	17 (94.4%)	0.236
61 - 70 years	11	2 (18.2%)	9 (81.8%)	0.308
> 70 years	9	2 (22.2%)	7 (77.8%)	0.700
Ezetimibe
≤ 50 years	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.427
51 - 60 years	15	1 (6.7%)	14 (93.3%)	0.411
61 - 70 years	12	3 (25.0%)	9 (75.0%)	0.688
> 70 years	6	2 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)	0.197
Atorvastatin + ezetimibe
≤ 50 years	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.427
51 - 60 years	11	1 (9.1%)	10 (90.9%)	0.935
61 - 70 years	8	1 (12.5%)	7 (87.5%)	0.435
> 70 years	4	1 (25.0%)	3 (75.0%)	0.913
Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe
≤ 50 years	0	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	N/A^b
51 - 60 years	4	0 (0.0%)	4 (100.0%)	0.454
61 - 70 years	4	2 (50.0%)	2 (50.0%)	0.032^a
> 70 years	2	1 (50.0%)	1 (50.0%)	0.371

Table 5. Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Age Group and Treatment Regimen

Age

Total

Primary outcome

P-value

Yes

^aSignificant using Chi-square test at < 0.05 level. ^bNo statistics are computed because variable is a constant. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Rosuvastatin

≤ 50 years

1 (50.0%)

0.386

51 - 60 years

2 (14.3%)

12 (85.7%)

0.372

61 - 70 years

2 (11.8%)

15 (88.2%)

0.335

> 70 years

2 (33.3%)

4 (66.7%)

0.505

Atorvastatin

≤ 50 years

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.427

51 - 60 years

1 (5.6%)

17 (94.4%)

0.236

61 - 70 years

2 (18.2%)

9 (81.8%)

0.308

> 70 years

2 (22.2%)

7 (77.8%)

0.700

Ezetimibe

≤ 50 years

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.427

51 - 60 years

1 (6.7%)

14 (93.3%)

0.411

61 - 70 years

3 (25.0%)

9 (75.0%)

0.688

> 70 years

2 (33.3%)

4 (66.7%)

0.197

Atorvastatin + ezetimibe

≤ 50 years

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.427

51 - 60 years

1 (9.1%)

10 (90.9%)

0.935

61 - 70 years

1 (12.5%)

7 (87.5%)

0.435

> 70 years

1 (25.0%)

3 (75.0%)

0.913

Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe

≤ 50 years

0 (0.0%)

N/A^b

51 - 60 years

0 (0.0%)

4 (100.0%)

0.454

61 - 70 years

2 (50.0%)

0.032^a

> 70 years

1 (50.0%)

0.371

**Table 6.** Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Gender and Treatment Regimen
Gender	Total	Primary outcome	P-value
LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Rosuvastatin
Male	30	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	0.804
Female	9	1 (11.1%)	8 (88.9%)	0.546
Atorvastatin
Male	31	5 (16.1%)	26 (83.9%)	0.334
Female	12	1 (8.3%)	11 (91.7%)	0.467
Ezetimibe
Male	28	6 (21.4%)	22 (78.6%)	0.949
Female	10	1 (10.0%)	9 (90.0%)	0.424
Atorvastatin + ezetimibe
Male	19	3 (15.8%)	16 (84.2%)	0.472
Female	9	1 (11.1%)	8 (88.9%)	0.303
Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe
Male	9	3 (33.3%)	6 (66.7%)	0.198
Female	1	0 (0.0%)	1 (100.0%)	0.725

Table 6. Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Gender and Treatment Regimen

Gender

Total

Primary outcome

P-value

Yes

LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Rosuvastatin

Male

6 (20.0%)

24 (80.0%)

0.804

Female

1 (11.1%)

8 (88.9%)

0.546

Atorvastatin

Male

5 (16.1%)

26 (83.9%)

0.334

Female

1 (8.3%)

11 (91.7%)

0.467

Ezetimibe

Male

6 (21.4%)

22 (78.6%)

0.949

Female

1 (10.0%)

9 (90.0%)

0.424

Atorvastatin + ezetimibe

Male

3 (15.8%)

16 (84.2%)

0.472

Female

1 (11.1%)

8 (88.9%)

0.303

Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe

Male

3 (33.3%)

6 (66.7%)

0.198

Female

0 (0.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0.725

**Table 7.** Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Comorbidity Profile and Treatment Regimen
Comorbid	Total	Primary outcome	P-value
^aNo statistics are computed because variable is a constant. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Rosuvastatin
Diabetes	2	0 (0.0%)	2 (100.0%)	0.248
Hypertension	11	2 (18.2%)	9 (81.8%)	0.512
Both	23	5 (21.7%)	18 (78.3%)	0.422
None	3	0 (0.0%)	3 (100.0%)	N/A^a
Atorvastatin
Diabetes	10	3 (30.0%)	7 (70.0%)	N/A^a
Hypertension	6	0 (0.0%)	6 (100.0%)	0.335
Both	22	2 (9.1%)	20 (90.9%)	0.131
None	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.408
Ezetimibe
Diabetes	6	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	0.346
Hypertension	6	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	> 0.999
Both	21	4 (19.0%)	17 (81.0%)	0.785
None	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.408
Atorvastatin + ezetimibe
Diabetes	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.621
Hypertension	2	0 (0.0%)	2 (100.0%)	0.551
Both	16	2 (12.5%)	14 (87.5%)	0.549
None	5	1 (20.0%)	4 (80.0%)	0.408
Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe
Diabetes	1	0 (0.0%)	1 (100.0%)	0.571
Hypertension	4	1 (25.0%)	3 (75.0%)	0.469
Both	5	2 (40.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0.126
None	0	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	N/A^a

Table 7. Primary LDL-C Target Achievement at 6 Months Stratified by Comorbidity Profile and Treatment Regimen

Comorbid

Total

Primary outcome

P-value

Yes

^aNo statistics are computed because variable is a constant. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Rosuvastatin

Diabetes

0 (0.0%)

2 (100.0%)

0.248

Hypertension

2 (18.2%)

9 (81.8%)

0.512

Both

5 (21.7%)

18 (78.3%)

0.422

None

0 (0.0%)

3 (100.0%)

N/A^a

Atorvastatin

Diabetes

3 (30.0%)

7 (70.0%)

N/A^a

Hypertension

0 (0.0%)

6 (100.0%)

0.335

Both

2 (9.1%)

20 (90.9%)

0.131

None

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.408

Ezetimibe

Diabetes

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

0.346

Hypertension

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

> 0.999

Both

4 (19.0%)

17 (81.0%)

0.785

None

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.408

Atorvastatin + ezetimibe

Diabetes

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.621

Hypertension

0 (0.0%)

2 (100.0%)

0.551

Both

2 (12.5%)

14 (87.5%)

0.549

None

1 (20.0%)

4 (80.0%)

0.408

Rosuvastatin + ezetimibe

Diabetes

0 (0.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0.571

Hypertension

1 (25.0%)

3 (75.0%)

0.469

Both

2 (40.0%)

3 (60.0%)

0.126

None

0 (0.0%)

N/A^a