Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
| Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
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Review
Volume 16, Number 4, August 2025, pages 295-305
Prevalence and Incidence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the United States and Western Europe: A Systematic Review
Figures
Table
| Study | Study design | Data source; time period | DCM definition | N, total population | Age group | Age, total population | Males, total population | Race, total population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Sample size reflects the population size of Olmsted County as of January 1, 1985, as reported by the United States Census Bureau. DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; ICD: International Classification of Diseases; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NR: not reported; US: United States; WHO/ISFC: World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology. | ||||||||
| Ababio 2023 [18] | Retrospective cohort | National population-based electronic health records, US; 2017 - 2019 | ≥ 1 inpatient DCM ICD-10 code or ≥ 2 outpatient DCM ICD-10 codes ≥ 30 days apart (data stratified by idiopathic DCM, non-idiopathic DCM, and total DCM) | 56,812,806 | Heterogeneous; pediatric | ≤ 11 years: 13.1%; 12 - 17 years: 6.0%; 18 - 29 years: 15.3%; 30 - 49 years: 25.6%; 50 - 64 years: 21.4%; ≥ 65 years: 18.4%; missing: 0.1% | 44.6% | White: 66.9%; Black: 10.4%; Asian: 2.2%; missing: 20.5% |
| Angelini 2018 [19] | Cross-sectional | Schoolchildren of Harris County, Houston, Texas, US; 2010 - 2017 | LVEF < 0.40 - 0.45 and size measurements >1 standard deviation from normal, including idiopathic and non-idiopathic DCM | 5,169 | Pediatric | 11 - 14 years: 83.4%; 15 - 18 years: 16.6% | 56% | Asian: 7%; Black: 18.5%; Hispanic: 41.8%; White: 31.4%; other: 1.3% |
| Codd 1989 [6] | Retrospective cohort | Population-based health records of Olmsted County, Minnesota, US; 1975 - 1984 | Idiopathic DCM as per WHO/ISFC Task Force | 98,423* | Heterogeneous | NR | NR | NR |
| Coughlin 1993 [21] | Retrospective cohort | Washington County Hospital, Maryland, US; 1975 - 1991 | Idiopathic DCM as per ICD-9 | 121,393 | Heterogeneous | NR | NR | White: ∼93% |
| Lipshultz 2003 [24]; Wilkinson 2010 [27]; Towbin 2006 [26]; Wilkinson 2008 [28] | Retrospective cohort | Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry, New England & Central Southwest US; 1996 - 1999 [24, 27] and 1996 - 2002 [26, 28] | “Pure” DCM, including idiopathic and non-idiopathic, excluding additional overlapping cardiac phenotypes | 74,212,292 | Pediatric | NR | NR | NR |
| Brownrigg 2022 [20] | Retrospective cohort | Clinical Practice Research Datalink, England; 2000 - 2018 | ICD-10 including idiopathic and non-idiopathic DCM | about 9,000,000 | Adults | ≥ 18 years: 100% | NR | NR |
| Herd 1991 [22] | Retrospective cohort | Bangour General Hospital, Dechmont, West Lothian, Scotland; 1982 - 1986 | NR | 145,000 | Adults | NR | NR | NR |
| Williams 1985 [29] | Cross-sectional | General practitioner survey of East Anglia, Essex, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, England; 1983 - 1984 | Idiopathic DCM as per WHO/ISFC Task Force | 913,836 | Heterogeneous | NR | NR | NR |
| Lannou 2020 [23] | Cross-sectional | National inpatient database, France; 2008 - 2015 | ICD-10 including idiopathic and non-idiopathic DCM | 97,300,000 hospitalizations | Heterogeneous | NR | NR | NR |
| Rakar 1997 [25] | Retrospective cohort | Cardiomyopathies registry and post-mortem database, Trieste, Italy; 1987 - 1989 | Idiopathic DCM as per WHO/ISFC Task Force | 265,321 | Adults | NR | NR | NR |