Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 4, August 2025, pages 338-345

Effect of Hyperperfusion on Successful Collection of Arterial Blood Gas Specimens in Patients With Acute Heart Failure

↓ Figure 1. Related equipment and operating procedures. (a) Custom sphygmomanometer. (b) Custom dual airbag hollow cuff. (c) Pre-set use of the app.

↓ Figure 2. Comparison of puncture times (a), pain scores and satisfaction score (b), and different puncture results (c).

↓ **Table 1.** Comparison of General Information Between the Two Groups
Variables	Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)	Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)	Statistic	P
t: t-test; χ²: Chi-square test.
Male, n (%)	199 (61.2)	150 (67.3)	χ² = 2.082	0.149
Age (years)	70.83 ± 10.54	71.25 ± 10.61	t = -0.457	0.648
Hypertension, n (%)	234 (72.0)	145 (65.0)	χ² = 3.019	0.082
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	61 (18.8)	35 (15.7)	χ² = 0.865	0.352
Diabetes, n (%)	70 (21.5)	37 (16.6)	χ² = 2.059	0.151
Blood platelet count (× 10⁹/L)	201.28 ± 32.52	197.87 ± 31.63	t = 1.219	0.223

↓ Table 1. Comparison of General Information Between the Two Groups

Variables

Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)

Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)

Statistic

t: t-test; χ²: Chi-square test.

Male, n (%)

199 (61.2)

150 (67.3)

χ² = 2.082

0.149

Age (years)

70.83 ± 10.54

71.25 ± 10.61

t = -0.457

0.648

Hypertension, n (%)

234 (72.0)

145 (65.0)

χ² = 3.019

0.082

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

61 (18.8)

35 (15.7)

χ² = 0.865

0.352

Diabetes, n (%)

70 (21.5)

37 (16.6)

χ² = 2.059

0.151

Blood platelet count (× 10⁹/L)

201.28 ± 32.52

197.87 ± 31.63

t = 1.219

0.223

↓ **Table 2.** Comparison of Puncture Success Rate, Puncture Frequency > 3 Times, and Puncture Time Between the Two Groups
Variables	Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)	Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)	Statistic	P
t: t-test; χ²: Chi-square test.
The success rate of one-time puncture, n (%)	206 (63.4)	186 (83.4)	χ² = 26.040	< 0.001
The success rate of total puncture, n (%)	268 (82.5)	211 (94.6)	χ² = 17.761	< 0.001
Puncture frequency > 3 times, n (%)	85 (26.2)	22 (9.9)	χ² = 22.331	< 0.001
Puncture time (s)	48.59 ± 7.83	26.43 ± 6.44	t = 34.925	< 0.001

↓ Table 2. Comparison of Puncture Success Rate, Puncture Frequency > 3 Times, and Puncture Time Between the Two Groups

Variables

Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)

Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)

Statistic

t: t-test; χ²: Chi-square test.

The success rate of one-time puncture, n (%)

206 (63.4)

186 (83.4)

χ² = 26.040

< 0.001

The success rate of total puncture, n (%)

268 (82.5)

211 (94.6)

χ² = 17.761

< 0.001

Puncture frequency > 3 times, n (%)

85 (26.2)

22 (9.9)

χ² = 22.331

< 0.001

Puncture time (s)

48.59 ± 7.83

26.43 ± 6.44

t = 34.925

< 0.001

↓ **Table 3.** Comparison of Puncture Place Pain, Hematoma, and Bruise between the Two Groups
Variables	Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)	Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)	Statistic	P
Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ²: Chi-square test.
Pain scores	3.0 (3.0, 4.0)	2.0 (1.0, 2.0)	Z = -18.619	< 0.001
Puncture place hematoma, n (%)			-	0.045
Yes	7 (2.2)	0 (0.0)
No	318 (97.8)	223 (100.0)
Puncture place bruise, n (%)			χ² = 10.238	< 0.001
Yes	18 (5.5)	1 (0.4)
No	307 (94.5)	222 (99.6)

↓ Table 3. Comparison of Puncture Place Pain, Hematoma, and Bruise between the Two Groups

Variables

Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)

Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)

Statistic

Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ²: Chi-square test.

Pain scores

3.0 (3.0, 4.0)

2.0 (1.0, 2.0)

Z = -18.619

< 0.001

Puncture place hematoma, n (%)

0.045

Yes

7 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

318 (97.8)

223 (100.0)

Puncture place bruise, n (%)

χ² = 10.238

< 0.001

Yes

18 (5.5)

1 (0.4)

307 (94.5)

222 (99.6)

↓ **Table 4.** Comparison of Satisfaction Between the Two Groups
Variables	Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)	Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)	Statistic	P
Z: Mann-Whitney U test.
Satisfaction, n (%)			Z = -4.795	< 0.001
Very satisfied	201 (61.8)	180 (80.7)
Satisfied	83 (25.5)	32 (14.3)
Basic satisfied	33 (10.2)	10 (4.5)
Dissatisfied	8 (2.5)	1 (0.4)

↓ Table 4. Comparison of Satisfaction Between the Two Groups

Variables

Non-hyperperfusion group (n = 325)

Hyperperfusion group (n = 223)

Statistic

Z: Mann-Whitney U test.

Satisfaction, n (%)

Z = -4.795

< 0.001

Very satisfied

201 (61.8)

180 (80.7)

Satisfied

83 (25.5)

32 (14.3)

Basic satisfied

33 (10.2)

10 (4.5)

Dissatisfied

8 (2.5)

1 (0.4)