Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 5, October 2025, pages 403-412

BEAT-HTN India: Burden, Epidemiology, and Trends of Hypertension - A Nationwide Survey

**Table 1.** Blood Pressure Classification According to the 2019 Indian Guidelines on Hypertension
Category	Systolic BP (mm Hg)	Diastolic BP (mm Hg)
BP: blood pressure.
Optimal	< 120 and	< 80
Normal	< 130 and	< 85
High-normal	130 - 139 or	85 - 89
Stage 1 Hypertension	140 - 159 or	90 - 99
Stage 2 Hypertension	160 - 179 or	100 - 109
Stage 3 Hypertension	≥ 180 or	> 110

Table 1. Blood Pressure Classification According to the 2019 Indian Guidelines on Hypertension

Category

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

BP: blood pressure.

Optimal

< 120 and

< 80

Normal

< 130 and

< 85

High-normal

130 - 139 or

85 - 89

Stage 1 Hypertension

140 - 159 or

90 - 99

Stage 2 Hypertension

160 - 179 or

100 - 109

Stage 3 Hypertension

≥ 180 or

> 110

**Table 2.** Baseline Characteristics of Study Population
Characteristics	Men (n = 25,987)	Women (n = 15,383)	Total (n = 41,370)
BP: blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.
History of diabetes	14,942 (57.5%)	8,473 (55.1%)	23,415 (56.6%)
Known history of HT	19,145 (73.7%)	10,854 (70.6%)	29,999 (72.5%)
Mean age (years)	53.6 (SD 12.0)	53.0 (SD 11.9)	53.4 (SD 11.9)
Average of SBP (mm Hg)	146.2 (SD 18.3)	144.8 (SD 18.8)	145.7 (SD 18.5)
Average of DBP (mm Hg)	89.8 (SD 10.9)	88.8 (SD 11.2)	89.4 (SD 11.0)
Average of heart rate (bpm)	84.0 (SD 10.7)	83.9 (SD 11.3)	83.9 (SD 10.9)

Table 2. Baseline Characteristics of Study Population

Characteristics

Men (n = 25,987)

Women (n = 15,383)

Total (n = 41,370)

BP: blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.

History of diabetes

14,942 (57.5%)

8,473 (55.1%)

23,415 (56.6%)

Known history of HT

19,145 (73.7%)

10,854 (70.6%)

29,999 (72.5%)

Mean age (years)

53.6 (SD 12.0)

53.0 (SD 11.9)

53.4 (SD 11.9)

Average of SBP (mm Hg)

146.2 (SD 18.3)

144.8 (SD 18.8)

145.7 (SD 18.5)

Average of DBP (mm Hg)

89.8 (SD 10.9)

88.8 (SD 11.2)

89.4 (SD 11.0)

Average of heart rate (bpm)

84.0 (SD 10.7)

83.9 (SD 11.3)

83.9 (SD 10.9)

**Table 3.** Regional Distribution of BP Categories
Region	n	Normal	Prehypertensive	Hypertensive
North	9,634	684 (7.1%)	1,222 (12.7%)	7,728 (80.2%)
South	8,709	1,057 (12.1%)	1,131 (13.0%)	6,521 (74.9%)
East	19,414	2,785 (14.3%)	2,967 (15.3%)	13,662 (70.4%)
West	3,613	268 (7.4%)	468 (13.0%)	2,877 (79.6%)

Table 3. Regional Distribution of BP Categories

Region

Normal

Prehypertensive

Hypertensive

North

9,634

684 (7.1%)

1,222 (12.7%)

7,728 (80.2%)

South

8,709

1,057 (12.1%)

1,131 (13.0%)

6,521 (74.9%)

East

19,414

2,785 (14.3%)

2,967 (15.3%)

13,662 (70.4%)

West

3,613

268 (7.4%)

468 (13.0%)

2,877 (79.6%)

**Table 4.** State-Wise Prevalence of Hypertension in Men and Women
State	n	Men	Women	% Men (> 140/90)	% Women (> 140/90)
Andhra Pradesh	834	517	317	53%	34%
Assam	417	275	142	35%	17%
Bihar	1,652	1,057	595	48%	24%
Chandigarh (UT)	62	47	15	76%	23%
Chhattisgarh	181	112	69	51%	33%
Delhi	2,002	1,240	762	48%	31%
Goa	332	194	138	41%	30%
Gujarat	4,876	3,109	1,767	52%	29%
Haryana	386	278	108	58%	22%
Himachal Pradesh	58	40	18	69%	31%
Jammu and Kashmir	6	6		100%	0%
Jharkhand	673	485	188	63%	22%
Karnataka	2,775	1,793	982	48%	27%
Kerala	1,624	978	646	50%	30%
Madhya Pradesh	1,279	867	412	56%	27%
Maharashtra	6,825	4,142	2,683	42%	27%
Manipur	20	11	9	40%	30%
Meghalaya	15	11	4	33%	13%
Mizoram	8	5	3	25%	0%
Odisha	2,271	1316	955	40%	26%
Puducherry	30	12	18	40%	60%
Punjab	237	148	89	53%	31%
Rajasthan	505	338	167	57%	27%
Sikkim	8	4	4	38%	38%
Tamil Nadu	2,148	1,152	996	42%	33%
Telangana	1,118	730	388	53%	27%
Tripura	69	41	28	32%	20%
Uttar Pradesh	2,173	1,401	772	51%	28%
Uttarakhand	289	203	86	55%	25%
West Bengal	8,497	5,475	3,022	47%	23%

Table 4. State-Wise Prevalence of Hypertension in Men and Women

State

Men

Women

% Men (> 140/90)

% Women (> 140/90)

Andhra Pradesh

834

517

317

53%

34%

Assam

417

275

142

35%

17%

Bihar

1,652

1,057

595

48%

24%

Chandigarh (UT)

76%

23%

Chhattisgarh

181

112

51%

33%

Delhi

2,002

1,240

762

48%

31%

Goa

332

194

138

41%

30%

Gujarat

4,876

3,109

1,767

52%

29%

Haryana

386

278

108

58%

22%

Himachal Pradesh

69%

31%

Jammu and Kashmir

100%

Jharkhand

673

485

188

63%

22%

Karnataka

2,775

1,793

982

48%

27%

Kerala

1,624

978

646

50%

30%

Madhya Pradesh

1,279

867

412

56%

27%

Maharashtra

6,825

4,142

2,683

42%

27%

Manipur

40%

30%

Meghalaya

33%

13%

Mizoram

25%

Odisha

2,271

1316

955

40%

26%

Puducherry

40%

60%

Punjab

237

148

53%

31%

Rajasthan

505

338

167

57%

27%

Sikkim

38%

Tamil Nadu

2,148

1,152

996

42%

33%

Telangana

1,118

730

388

53%

27%

Tripura

32%

20%

Uttar Pradesh

2,173

1,401

772

51%

28%

Uttarakhand

289

203

55%

25%

West Bengal

8,497

5,475

3,022

47%

23%

**Table 5.** Mean Heart Rate (bpm (95% CI)) by Age and Gender
	Overall	18 - 30 years	31 - 50 years	51 - 65 years	> 65 years
CI: confidence interval.
Overall	83.9 (83.8 - 84.1)	80.0 (79.4 - 80.7)	83.1 (83.0 - 83.3)	84.6 (84.4 - 84.7)	84.8 (84.5 - 85.1)
Men	84.0 (83.8 - 84.1)	80.4 (79.6 - 81.2)	83.3 (83.1 - 83.5)	84.4 (84.2 - 84.6)	84.8 (84.5 - 85.2)
Women	83.9 (83.7 - 84.1)	79.5 (78.5 - 80.5)	82.8 (82.6 - 83.1)	84.8 (84.6 - 85.1)	84.8 (84.3 - 85.3)

Table 5. Mean Heart Rate (bpm (95% CI)) by Age and Gender

Overall

18 - 30 years

31 - 50 years

51 - 65 years

> 65 years

CI: confidence interval.

Overall

83.9 (83.8 - 84.1)

80.0 (79.4 - 80.7)

83.1 (83.0 - 83.3)

84.6 (84.4 - 84.7)

84.8 (84.5 - 85.1)

Men

84.0 (83.8 - 84.1)

80.4 (79.6 - 81.2)

83.3 (83.1 - 83.5)

84.4 (84.2 - 84.6)

84.8 (84.5 - 85.2)

Women

83.9 (83.7 - 84.1)

79.5 (78.5 - 80.5)

82.8 (82.6 - 83.1)

84.8 (84.6 - 85.1)

84.8 (84.3 - 85.3)

**Table 6.** Comparison of Heart Rate Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Participants
Group	n	Mean heart rate, bpm (95% CI)	Standard deviation
CI: confidence interval.
Diabetic hypertensives	20,005	85.86 (85.70 - 86.02)	11.2
Others	21,365	82.15 (82.01 - 82.29)	10.5

Table 6. Comparison of Heart Rate Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Participants

Group

Mean heart rate, bpm (95% CI)

Standard deviation

CI: confidence interval.

Diabetic hypertensives

20,005

85.86 (85.70 - 86.02)

11.2

Others

21,365

82.15 (82.01 - 82.29)

10.5