Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
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Review

Volume 16, Number 6, December 2025, pages 475-478

Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation: A Potential New Risk Factor for Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV). The length of an oscillation cycle in ventilation is defined as the time between two oscillations nadirs. Furthermore, oscillation amplitude is the difference between the peak ventilation of oscillation and the nadirs [19].

Table

Table 1. Criteria for EOV
 
EOV: exercise oscillatory ventilation; VE: minute ventilation.
Ben-Dov et al, 1992 [13]Three or more consecutive regular oscillations in VE with oscillation amplitude > 25% of average VE and cycle length 30 - 60 s
Kremser et al, 1987 [11], and Corra et al, 2006 [12]Oscillations in VE with a cycle length of approximately 1 min, amplitude > 15% of resting VE, and duration > 60% (> 66%) of exercise duration
Sun et al, 2010 [10]Three or more consecutive cyclic fluctuations in VE, amplitude > 30% of concurrent mean VE, oscillation of ≥ 3 gas exchange variables, cycle length of 40 - 140 s
Leite et al, 2003 [2]Three or more cycles of regular oscillation in VE with standard deviation of 3 consecutive cycle lengths within 20% of the average and minimal average amplitude of oscillation > 5 L/min
American Heart Association (AHA) consensus, 2010 [14]EOV pattern that persists for at least 60% of the exercise test at amplitude 15% or more of the average resting value