Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 2, April 2026, pages 105-119

Demographic and Geographic Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation and Cirrhosis Mortality in the United States: A Twenty-Five-Year Analysis From 1999 to 2023

Figures

↓  Figure 1. AAMR due to AF and cirrhosis and AF over 25 years. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 1.
↓  Figure 2. Trend of AAMR due to AF and cirrhosis over the years. *Indicates that annual percent change (APC) is significantly different from zero at the α = 0.05 level. Final selected model: three joinpoints. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 2.
↓  Figure 3. AF and cirrhosis–related mortality stratified by gender. APC: annual percent change; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 3.
↓  Figure 4. AF and cirrhosis–related mortality stratified by race. APC: annual percent change; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 4.
↓  Figure 5. AF and cirrhosis–related mortality stratified by age. APC: annual percent change; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 5.
↓  Figure 6. AF and cirrhosis–related mortality stratified by census region. APC: annual percent change; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 6.
↓  Figure 7. Overall AAMR of urban–rural classification due to AF and cirrhosis. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 7.
↓  Figure 8. Urban–rural trends in AF and cirrhosis related mortality. APC: annual percent change; AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 8.
↓  Figure 9. Map showing geographic distribution of AF and cirrhosis–related mortality from 1999 to 2020. AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 9.
↓  Figure 10. Distribution of total deaths due to AF and cirrhosis by place of death. The bar chart displays the total number of deaths on the y-axis stratified by place of death on the x-axis. AF: atrial fibrillation.
Figure 10.