Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 5, October 2026, pages 509-518

Renal Denervation: A Multicenter, Real-World Experience

↓ Figure 1. Catheter-based renal denervation. (a) Schematic representation of renal artery access for RDN. (b) Representative angiographic image during renal artery catheter positioning. RDN: renal denervation.

↓ Figure 2. Changes in systolic (a) and diastolic (b) blood pressure following renal denervation.

↓ Figure 3. Mean change in systolic (a) and diastolic (b) blood pressure from baseline following renal denervation.

↓ **Table 1.** Baseline Clinical, Demographic, and Procedural Characteristics of the Study Population
Variable	Value
HTN: hypertension; RDN: renal denervation; SD: standard deviation.
Gender
Male	16 (61.5%)
Female	10 (38.5%)
Age (years)	60.68 ± 13.83
Weight (kg)	71.07
Height (cm)	163.15
Duration of hypertension prior to RDN (years)	9.36 ± 7.71
Smoking status	3 (11.5%)
Family history of hypertension	13 (50.0%)
Acute HTN-related hospitalization	15 (57.7%)
Any comorbidity present	13 (50.0%)
Any anatomical complexity	5 (19.2%)
Renal Doppler performed	22 (84.6%)
Procedure time (min)	79.61 ± 36.09
Contrast volume used (mL)	58.27 ± 30.08
Ablations
Total (mean ± SD)	27.48 ± 9.82
Right renal artery (mean ± SD)	14.04 ± 5.29
Left renal artery (mean ± SD)	13.57 ± 6.75

↓ Table 1. Baseline Clinical, Demographic, and Procedural Characteristics of the Study Population

Variable

Value

HTN: hypertension; RDN: renal denervation; SD: standard deviation.

Gender

Male

16 (61.5%)

Female

10 (38.5%)

Age (years)

60.68 ± 13.83

Weight (kg)

71.07

Height (cm)

163.15

Duration of hypertension prior to RDN (years)

9.36 ± 7.71

Smoking status

3 (11.5%)

Family history of hypertension

13 (50.0%)

Acute HTN-related hospitalization

15 (57.7%)

Any comorbidity present

13 (50.0%)

Any anatomical complexity

5 (19.2%)

Renal Doppler performed

22 (84.6%)

Procedure time (min)

79.61 ± 36.09

Contrast volume used (mL)

58.27 ± 30.08

Ablations

Total (mean ± SD)

27.48 ± 9.82

Right renal artery (mean ± SD)

14.04 ± 5.29

Left renal artery (mean ± SD)

13.57 ± 6.75

↓ **Table 2.** Longitudinal Changes in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Across Overall and Subgroup Analyses Following Renal Denervation
	Pre-procedure	Discharge	1-month follow-up	3-month follow-up	6-month follow-up	1-year follow-up
BP: blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
Overall BP (n = 26)	186.16 ± 18.75	98.73 ± 25.27	136.6 ± 27.35	81.47 ± 14.71	145.9 ± 17.82	84.81 ± 8.33	138.71 ± 16.4	81.28 ± 10.07	127.88 ± 7.87	82.65 ± 7.8	121.73 ± 10.46	75.87± 4.67
Females (n = 10)	185.6 ± 23.27	87.2 ± 16.58	138.12 ± 17.37	76.78 ± 10.07	140 ± 17.23	82.67 ± 7.30	133.23 ± 16.93	79.9 ± 10.37	128 ± 7.29	81.78 ± 4.71	121.5 ± 14.36	73.67 ± 3.67
Males (n = 16)	186.5 ± 16.17	105.93 ± 27.5	135.65 ± 32.82	84.5 ± 16.7	150.3 ± 17.6	86.41 ± 9.97	142.83 ± 15.41	82.33 ± 10.16	128.06 ± 8.01	83.21 ± 7.6	123.13 ± 5.43	77.43 ± 4.24
Age less than 60 years (n = 9)	179.2 ± 19.4	107.1 ± 37.7	116.6 ± 17.4	85.8 ± 20.0	139.7 ± 22.6	89.3 ± 12.2	134.6 ± 20.9	87.0 ± 14.6	125.6 ± 8.5	86.4 ± 9.0	122.8 ± 5.6	77.4 ± 5.1
Age more than 60 years (n = 14)	189.8± 19.6	93.2 ± 15.9	149.5 ± 27.1	79.2 ± 12.0	152.5 ± 13.9	82.5 ± 6.0	140.8 ± 15.9	78.27 ± 6.14	127.1 ± 6.2	80.3 ± 3.0	120.7 ± 12.7	74.7 ± 4.3
Family history of hypertension (n = 13)	181.77 ± 18.93	105 ± 32.33	127.91 ± 21.97	85.91 ± 18.01	143 ± 17.94	88.9 ± 9.18	142.4 ± 19.64	83.7 ± 12.86	125.38 ± 8.02	84.42 ± 7.72	122.31 ±5.55	76.33 ± 4.96
With comorbidities (n = 13)	190.61 ± 15.33	103.31 ± 34.01	150 ± 31.19	86.73 ± 18.10	156 ± 14	85.55 ± 8.55	147.82 ± 15.97	79.82 ± 12.30	126.46 ± 7.81	84.67 ± 8.47	119.62 ± 13.15	76.42 ± 4.94
Diabetes (n = 10)	191.7 ± 17.31	101.5 ± 38.94	151.11 ± 32.44	88.67 ± 19.62	154.25 ± 14.40	84.25 ± 5.28	142.66 ± 15.17	76.88 ± 5.94	124.4 ± 7.54	79.78 ± 6.67	118.5 ± 15.61	75.78 ± 5.02

↓ Table 2. Longitudinal Changes in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Across Overall and Subgroup Analyses Following Renal Denervation

Pre-procedure

Discharge

1-month follow-up

3-month follow-up

6-month follow-up

1-year follow-up

SBP

DBP

SBP

DBP

SBP

DBP

SBP

DBP

SBP

DBP

SBP

DBP

BP: blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Overall BP (n = 26)

186.16 ± 18.75

98.73 ± 25.27

136.6 ± 27.35

81.47 ± 14.71

145.9 ± 17.82

84.81 ± 8.33

138.71 ± 16.4

81.28 ± 10.07

127.88 ± 7.87

82.65 ± 7.8

121.73 ± 10.46

75.87± 4.67

Females (n = 10)

185.6 ± 23.27

87.2 ± 16.58

138.12 ± 17.37

76.78 ± 10.07

140 ± 17.23

82.67 ± 7.30

133.23 ± 16.93

79.9 ± 10.37

128 ± 7.29

81.78 ± 4.71

121.5 ± 14.36

73.67 ± 3.67

Males (n = 16)

186.5 ± 16.17

105.93 ± 27.5

135.65 ± 32.82

84.5 ± 16.7

150.3 ± 17.6

86.41 ± 9.97

142.83 ± 15.41

82.33 ± 10.16

128.06 ± 8.01

83.21 ± 7.6

123.13 ± 5.43

77.43 ± 4.24

Age less than 60 years (n = 9)

179.2 ± 19.4

107.1 ± 37.7

116.6 ± 17.4

85.8 ± 20.0

139.7 ± 22.6

89.3 ± 12.2

134.6 ± 20.9

87.0 ± 14.6

125.6 ± 8.5

86.4 ± 9.0

122.8 ± 5.6

77.4 ± 5.1

Age more than 60 years (n = 14)

189.8± 19.6

93.2 ± 15.9

149.5 ± 27.1

79.2 ± 12.0

152.5 ± 13.9

82.5 ± 6.0

140.8 ± 15.9

78.27 ± 6.14

127.1 ± 6.2

80.3 ± 3.0

120.7 ± 12.7

74.7 ± 4.3

Family history of hypertension (n = 13)

181.77 ± 18.93

105 ± 32.33

127.91 ± 21.97

85.91 ± 18.01

143 ± 17.94

88.9 ± 9.18

142.4 ± 19.64

83.7 ± 12.86

125.38 ± 8.02

84.42 ± 7.72

122.31 ±5.55

76.33 ± 4.96

With comorbidities (n = 13)

190.61 ± 15.33

103.31 ± 34.01

150 ± 31.19

86.73 ± 18.10

156 ± 14

85.55 ± 8.55

147.82 ± 15.97

79.82 ± 12.30

126.46 ± 7.81

84.67 ± 8.47

119.62 ± 13.15

76.42 ± 4.94

Diabetes (n = 10)

191.7 ± 17.31

101.5 ± 38.94

151.11 ± 32.44

88.67 ± 19.62

154.25 ± 14.40

84.25 ± 5.28

142.66 ± 15.17

76.88 ± 5.94

124.4 ± 7.54

79.78 ± 6.67

118.5 ± 15.61

75.78 ± 5.02