Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://cr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 5, October 2026, pages 489-496

Relationship Between the Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index and Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Coronary Angiography

↓ Figure 1. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the SCII, PLR, SII, and NLR for predicting radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary angiography. SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

↓ **Table 1.** Baseline Clinical, Procedural, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients According to RAO Status
Variables	RAO (+) (n = 96)	RAO (–) (n = 1,959)	P value
RAO: radial artery occlusion; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; WBC: white blood cell count; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index.
Age (years)	55.4 ± 11.4	60.5 ± 12.1	< 0.001
Male sex, n (%)	58 (60.4%)	1390 (71.0%)	0.033
Hypertension, n (%)	47 (49.0%)	920 (47.0%)	0.667
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	11 (11.5%)	98 (5.0%)	0.008
COPD, n (%)	7 (7.3%)	119 (6.1%)	0.640
Stroke, n (%)	3 (3.1%)	39 (2.0%)	0.489
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	5 (5.2%)	78 (4.0%)	0.796
Medications
ASA, n (%)	41 (42.7%)	803 (41.0%)	0.753
P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%)	33 (34.4%)	685 (35.0%)	0.885
Oral anticoagulants, n (%)	6 (6.2%)	84 (4.3%)	0.408
Statins, n (%)	38 (39.6%)	627 (32.0%)	0.210
Procedure type
PCI	19 (19.8%)	594 (30.3%)	0.024
Laboratory
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.2 ± 1.6	14.5 ± 1.4	0.093
WBC (10³/µL)	8.30 ± 1.46	8.54 ± 1.83	0.129
Neutrophil (10³/µL)	5.9 ±1.0	5.7 ± 1.0	0.115
Lymphocyte (10³/µL)	1.61 ± 0.58	1.73 ± 0.54	0.084
Platelet (10³/µL)	293 ± 65	257 ± 79	0.001
AST (U/L)	30 ± 18	27 ± 16	0.218
CRP (mg/L)	12.1 ± 5.6	10.8 ± 7.4	0.020
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.08 ± 0.32	0.97 ± 0.38	0.004
Glucose (mg/dL)	106 ± 32	112 ± 35	0.114
Albumin (g/L)	42.3 ± 4.9	41.3 ± 5.3	0.128
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	342 ± 68	308 ± 65	0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	184 ± 69	173 ± 61	0.092
LDL (mg/dL)	115 ± 45	121 ± 47	0.105
HDL (mg/dL)	38 ± 9	40 ± 10	0.209
NLR	3.66 ± 1.20	3.30 ± 1.10	0.004
PLR	182 ± 52	149 ± 46	< 0.001
SII	1070 ± 380	850 ± 330	< 0.001
SCII	120.7 ± 36.4	93.1 ± 41.5	< 0.001

↓ Table 1. Baseline Clinical, Procedural, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients According to RAO Status

Variables

RAO (+) (n = 96)

RAO (–) (n = 1,959)

P value

RAO: radial artery occlusion; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; WBC: white blood cell count; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index.

Age (years)

55.4 ± 11.4

60.5 ± 12.1

< 0.001

Male sex, n (%)

58 (60.4%)

1390 (71.0%)

0.033

Hypertension, n (%)

47 (49.0%)

920 (47.0%)

0.667

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

11 (11.5%)

98 (5.0%)

0.008

COPD, n (%)

7 (7.3%)

119 (6.1%)

0.640

Stroke, n (%)

3 (3.1%)

39 (2.0%)

0.489

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

5 (5.2%)

78 (4.0%)

0.796

Medications

ASA, n (%)

41 (42.7%)

803 (41.0%)

0.753

P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%)

33 (34.4%)

685 (35.0%)

0.885

Oral anticoagulants, n (%)

6 (6.2%)

84 (4.3%)

0.408

Statins, n (%)

38 (39.6%)

627 (32.0%)

0.210

Procedure type

PCI

19 (19.8%)

594 (30.3%)

0.024

Laboratory

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.2 ± 1.6

14.5 ± 1.4

0.093

WBC (10³/µL)

8.30 ± 1.46

8.54 ± 1.83

0.129

Neutrophil (10³/µL)

5.9 ±1.0

5.7 ± 1.0

0.115

Lymphocyte (10³/µL)

1.61 ± 0.58

1.73 ± 0.54

0.084

Platelet (10³/µL)

293 ± 65

257 ± 79

0.001

AST (U/L)

30 ± 18

27 ± 16

0.218

CRP (mg/L)

12.1 ± 5.6

10.8 ± 7.4

0.020

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.08 ± 0.32

0.97 ± 0.38

0.004

Glucose (mg/dL)

106 ± 32

112 ± 35

0.114

Albumin (g/L)

42.3 ± 4.9

41.3 ± 5.3

0.128

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

342 ± 68

308 ± 65

0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

184 ± 69

173 ± 61

0.092

LDL (mg/dL)

115 ± 45

121 ± 47

0.105

HDL (mg/dL)

38 ± 9

40 ± 10

0.209

NLR

3.66 ± 1.20

3.30 ± 1.10

0.004

PLR

182 ± 52

149 ± 46

< 0.001

SII

1070 ± 380

850 ± 330

< 0.001

SCII

120.7 ± 36.4

93.1 ± 41.5

< 0.001

↓ **Table 2.** Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analyses for Predictors of Radial Artery Occlusion
Variables	Univariate OR (95% CI)	P value	Multivariate OR (95% CI)	P value
CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; DM: diabetes mellitus; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CRP: C-reactive protein; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index.
Age, years	0.966 (0.950–0.982)	< 0.001	0.966 (0.949–0.983)	< 0.001
Sex	0.638 (0.420–0.967)	0.034	0.701 (0.453–1.083)	0.109
DM	2.354 (1.232–4.499)	0.010	2.342 (1.203–4.560)	0.012
PCI	0.576 (0.345–0.960)	0.030	0.614 (0.361–1.042)	0.068
CRP (mg/L)	1.019 (1.005–1.039)	0.003	1.015 (0.987–1.044)	0.285
Creatinine (mg/dL)	2.030 (1.302–3.183)	0.002	1.340 (0.801–2.252)	0.270
SCII (per 10-unit increase)	1.189 (1.140–1.239)	< 0.001	1.174 (1.120–1.228)	< 0.001

↓ Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analyses for Predictors of Radial Artery Occlusion

Variables

Univariate OR (95% CI)

P value

Multivariate OR (95% CI)

P value

CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; DM: diabetes mellitus; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CRP: C-reactive protein; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index.

Age, years

0.966 (0.950–0.982)

< 0.001

0.966 (0.949–0.983)

< 0.001

Sex

0.638 (0.420–0.967)

0.034

0.701 (0.453–1.083)

0.109

2.354 (1.232–4.499)

0.010

2.342 (1.203–4.560)

0.012

PCI

0.576 (0.345–0.960)

0.030

0.614 (0.361–1.042)

0.068

CRP (mg/L)

1.019 (1.005–1.039)

0.003

1.015 (0.987–1.044)

0.285

Creatinine (mg/dL)

2.030 (1.302–3.183)

0.002

1.340 (0.801–2.252)

0.270

SCII (per 10-unit increase)

1.189 (1.140–1.239)

< 0.001

1.174 (1.120–1.228)

< 0.001

↓ **Table 3.** Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of SCII, PLR, SII, and NLR for Predicting Radial Artery Occlusion
Variable	AUC	95% CI	P value
AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
SCII	0.730	0.686–0.774	< 0.001
PLR	0.678	0.625–0.732	< 0.001
SII	0.659	0.594–0.723	< 0.001
NLR	0.589	0.536–0.643	0.003

↓ Table 3. Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of SCII, PLR, SII, and NLR for Predicting Radial Artery Occlusion

Variable

AUC

95% CI

P value

AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval; SCII: Systemic Coagulation–Inflammation Index; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

SCII

0.730

0.686–0.774

< 0.001

PLR

0.678

0.625–0.732

< 0.001

SII

0.659

0.594–0.723

< 0.001

NLR

0.589

0.536–0.643

0.003